ACADEMIC SOURCES
de Voogt, Alex J.
Mancala Board Games
British Museum Press, 1997
Comprehensive survey of mancala games worldwide, including archaeological evidence and regional variations.
Murray, H.J.R.
A History of Board-Games Other Than Chess
Oxford University Press, 1952
Classic reference work covering mancala and hundreds of other traditional games.
Russ, Laurence
The Complete Mancala Games Book
Marlowe & Company, 2000
Practical guide to playing 60+ mancala variants from around the world.
Townshend, Philip
African Mankala in Anthropological Perspective
Current Anthropology, 1979
Analysis of mancala's role in African societies and its mathematical properties.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
Pankhurst, Richard
Gabata and Related Board Games of Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa
Ethiopia Observer, 1971
Documentation of ancient mancala boards found in Ethiopian archaeological sites.
Walker, Phillip L.
A Pit Dwelling Board Game from Jordan
Antiquity, 1990
Analysis of a mancala-like board discovered in a Neolithic site.
ONLINE RESOURCES
Mancala World
Comprehensive wiki documenting mancala variants from around the world.
mancala.wikia.comBritish Museum Collection
Historical mancala boards and artifacts in the museum collection.
britishmuseum.orgBoardGameGeek: Mancala
Community discussion and variant documentation.
boardgamegeek.com