SOURCES & CITATIONS

Archaeological and literary evidence for astragali

HOW WE VERIFY

Our astragali rules are reconstructed from multiple ancient sources including archaeological finds, Greek vase paintings, and literary references from Plato to Martial.

1

Archaeological Evidence

Bones found in excavations with marks indicating gaming use

2

Literary References

Greek and Roman texts describing throws, scoring, and traditions

3

Artistic Depictions

Vase paintings and sculptures showing gameplay

4

Scholarly Analysis

Modern academic interpretation of ancient evidence

CONTENT MARKERS

已验证VERIFIED - Confirmed by archaeological or primary literary sources
重建RECONSTRUCTION - Scholarly interpretation of fragmentary evidence
艺术加工DRAMATIZATION - Artistic license for engagement
模拟SIMULATION - Gameplay simplification from original

PRIMARY SOURCES

📚来源卡片 #1

Greek Games and Festivals in Classical Antiquity

Sofie Remijsen, Cambridge University Press

发表于: 2015

用于: Historical context and gaming traditions

📚来源卡片 #2

Pollux, Onomasticon IX

Julius Pollux, Ancient Greek Encyclopedia

发表于: ~180 CE

用于: Throw names and scoring terminology (Venus, Dogs, Vultures)

📚来源卡片 #3

The History of Dice and Gaming

David G. Schwartz, University of Nevada Press

发表于: 2006

用于: Evolution from astragali to cubic dice

📚来源卡片 #4

Ancient Greek Athletics

Stephen G. Miller, Yale University Press

发表于: 2004

用于: Archaeological evidence from excavations at Greek sites

📚来源卡片 #5

Martial, Epigrams XIV

Marcus Valerius Martialis, Roman Poetry

发表于: ~86 CE

用于: Roman gambling customs and stake traditions

CHANGELOG

2026.01 - Initial release with reconstructed scoring system
Future - Additional variants including Pentelitha (Jacks) planned
PLAY ASTRAGALI